Pomelo is very large citrus fruit of botanical name Citrus maxima. It is very sweet taste after ripening . Have you ever tried a honey pomelo ? This large citrus fruit can be found in the produce section from late fall to early spring. Here's more about this tasty unique citrus fruit.The fruit is used in many festive celebrations throughout Southeast Asia. After a Captain Shaddock of an East India Company ship introduced it to Barbados, the fruit was called "shaddock" in English. The fruit is also known as jabong in Hawaii and jambola in varieties of English spoken in South Asia. The etymology of the word "pomelo" is uncertain. It may be an alteration of "pompelmoes", in Tamil pomelo are called pampa limasu, which means "big citrus". The name was adopted by the Portuguese as pomposos limoes and then by the Dutch as pompelmoes. Typically, the fruit is pale green to yellow when ripe, with sweet white ( or, more rarely , pink or red) fle...
In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the UK, the national organisation is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
Egg-laying chickens
Commercial hens usually begin laying eggs at 16-21 weeks of age, although production gradually declines soon after from approximately 25 weeks of age. This means that in many countries, by approximately 72 weeks of age, flocks are considered economically unviable and are slaughtered after approximately 12 months of egg production, although chickens will naturally live for 6 or more years. In some countries, hens are force moulted to reinvigorate egg-laying.
Environmental conditions are often automatically controlled in egg-laying systems. For example, the duration of the light phase is initially increased to prompt the beginning of egg-laying at 16-20 weeks of age and then mimics summer day length which stimulates the hens to continue laying eggs all year round; normally, egg production occurs only in the warmer months. Some commercial breeds of hen can produce over 300 eggs a year.
Free-range
Free-range poultry farming allows chickens to roam freely for a period of the day, although they are usually confined in sheds at night to protect them from predators or kept indoors if the weather is particularly bad. In the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs states that a free-range chicken must have day-time access to open-air runs during at least half of its life. Unlike in the United States, this definition also applies to free-range egg-laying hens. The European Union regulates marketing standards for egg farming which specifies a minimum condition for free-range eggs that "hens have continuous daytime access to open air runs, except in the case of temporary restrictions imposed by veterinary authorities. The RSPCA "Welfare standards for laying hens and pullets " indicates that the stocking rate must not exceed 1,000 birds per hectare of range available and a minimum area of overhead shade/shelter of 8 m2 per 1,000 hens must be provided.
Indoor broiler
Meat chickens, commonly called broilers, are raised from the floor on litter such as wood shavings, peanut shells, and rice hulls, climate-controlled indoors. Under modern farming methods, chickens are reared at the age of 5 to 9 weeks, which reach weights to slaughter, as they are selectively bred to do so. In the first week of Broiler's life, it can increase up to 300 percent of his body size. A nine-week broiler average over 9 pounds in body weight. In nine weeks, a hen will weigh an average of 7 pounds and a hen weighs about 12 pounds, with an average of nine pounds.
Broilers are not raised in cages. They are known as houses grown in large, open structures. A farmer receives old birds from the hatchery one day. A large plant has 5 to 9 weeks, which is how large the chickens get. These houses are equipped with mechanical systems to feed and feed birds. They have ventilation systems and heaters that function as required. The floor of the house is covered with bedding material consisting of wood chips, rice hull or peanut peels. In some cases they can be grown on dry litter or compost. Because a dry bed helps maintain herd health, most large homes have water-filling systems ("nipple drinkers"), which reduce outbreaks.
Keeping birds indoors protects them from predators such as predators and foxes. Some houses are equipped with curtain walls, which can be rolled in good weather to capture natural light and fresh air. Most large houses built in recent years feature "tunnel ventilation", in which a bank of fans draws fresh air through the house.
Traditionally, herds of broilers house 40,000 birds over 400,000 long and 40/50 feet wide, thus providing about eight-tenths of a square foot per square foot. The Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) states that the minimum space is one half square foot per bird. More modern houses are often larger and have more birds, but the allocation of floor space still serves the needs of birds. Larger birds are enlarged, fewer chickens are kept in each house, so that larger birds can be given more space per square foot.
Because broilers are relatively young and have not reached sexual maturity, they exhibit much less aggressive behavior.
Chicken feed mainly includes corn and soybean meal in addition to essential vitamins and minerals. No hormones or steroids are allowed to raise chickens.
Issues with indoor husband
In dense broiler sheds, air droplets may be highly polluted with ammonia. In this case, a farmer should run more fans to bring in more clean fresh air. If it can damage the eyes and respiratory system of chickens and cause painful irritation in their feet (called hawk burn) and blisters in their feet. Embossed brewers for rapid growth have higher rates of foot deformity because larger breast muscles cause deformities of the developing legs and pelvis, and birds cannot support the increased weight of their bodies. In cases where chickens become crippled and cannot walk, farmers have to go in and take them out. Because they cannot move easily, chickens are not able to adjust their environments to avoid heat, cold, or dirt as they would under natural conditions. Excess weight and overcrowding also stress their heart and lungs and ascites may develop. In the UK, every year 19 million broilers die of heart failure in their shed. In the event of no ventilation due to power failure during the heat wave, 20,000 chicken can die in a short time. In a good development, a farmer should sell between 92 and 96 percent of his herd. With a feed conversion ratio of 1.80 to 2.0. After marketing the birds, the farmer should clean and prepare for another flock. A farmer should grow an average of 4 to 5 a year.
Indoor with high welfare
In a "high welfare" system, chickens are kept indoors, but with more space (about 14 to 16 birds per square meter). For example, they have a rich environment with natural light or straw bales that encourage foraging and perching. Chickens grow more slowly and live for longer than two weeks of intensively cultivated birds.Higher welfare indoor systems have the advantage of lower growth rates, less congestion and more opportunities for natural behavior.
Free-range broiler
Turkey on a pasture in an organic farm
Free-range broilers are reared under similar conditions to free-range egg-laying hens. The breed grows more slowly than the breed used for indoor rearing and usually reaches slaughter weight at around 8 weeks of age. In the European Union, each chicken has an outdoor space of one square meter.
Comments
Post a Comment