Pomelo is very large citrus fruit of botanical name Citrus maxima. It is very sweet taste after ripening . Have you ever tried a honey pomelo ? This large citrus fruit can be found in the produce section from late fall to early spring. Here's more about this tasty unique citrus fruit.The fruit is used in many festive celebrations throughout Southeast Asia. After a Captain Shaddock of an East India Company ship introduced it to Barbados, the fruit was called "shaddock" in English. The fruit is also known as jabong in Hawaii and jambola in varieties of English spoken in South Asia. The etymology of the word "pomelo" is uncertain. It may be an alteration of "pompelmoes", in Tamil pomelo are called pampa limasu, which means "big citrus". The name was adopted by the Portuguese as pomposos limoes and then by the Dutch as pompelmoes. Typically, the fruit is pale green to yellow when ripe, with sweet white ( or, more rarely , pink or red) fle...
Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. However, little of this maize is consumed directly by humans; most is used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and corn syrup. The six major types of maize are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn. Sugar-rich varieties called sweet corn. Sugar-rich varieties called sweet corn are usually grown for human consumption as kernels, while field corn varieties are used for animal feed, various corn-based human food uses ( including grinding into corneal or masa, pressing into corn oil, and fermentation and distillation into alcoholic beverages like bourbon shiskey) and as chemical feedstocks. Maize is also used in making ethanol and other biofuels.
Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. In 2014, total world production was 1.04 billion tonnes. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the Americas, with 361 million.
Structure and Physiology:
The maize plant is usually 3 meters (10 ft) high, although some natural strains can grow up to 13 meters (43 ft). This stem is usually composed of 20 internodes of 18 cm (7.1 in) length. A leaf, which grows from each node, is usually 9 cm (4 in) in width and 120 cm (4 ft) in length.
The ears develop above some of the leaves in the central part of the plant, between the stem and leaf sheath, about 3 millimeters (0.12 in) per day, up to a length of 18 cm (7 in) to 60 cm. (24) Being the highest perceived among the sub-castes. They are female inflorescence, tightly covered by several layers of ear leaves commonly called husk. Some varieties of maize have been bred to create many additional developed ears. These are sources of "baby corn" used as a vegetable in Asian cuisine.
The top of the stem ends in the tail, the inflorescence of the male flowers. When the pendant is ripe and the conditions are favorably hot and dry, there is a burning sensation and release of pollen on the tabel. Corn pollen is anemophilous (dispersed by the wind), and due to its large settling velocity, most pollen falls within a few meters of the tassel.
The long stigma, called silks, originates from the husk of husk leaves at the ends of the ear. They are often pale yellow and 18 cm (7 in) in length, resembling tufts of hair. Each has a carapel at its end, which can develop into a "kernel" when fertilized by a pollen particle. The pericarp of the fruit is fused with a seed coat referred to as "saropsis", uniquely the grass, and the whole kernel is often referred to as "seed". The cob is close to a multiple fruit in structure, except that individual fruits (kernels) never fuse into one mass. The grains are about the size of peas, and follow in regular rows around a white, peithic substance, which forms the ear. The maximum size of the kernel is reputedly 2.5 cm (1 in). An ear usually contains 600 kernels. They are of different colors: black, blue, gray, purple, green, red, white and yellow. When flour is ground, corn gives more flour than wheat, with very little bran. It lacks the protein gluten of wheat and hence makes it a baked goods with poor growing capacity. A genetic variant that deposits more sugar and less starch in the ear is consumed as a vegetable and is called sweet corn. Young ears can be eaten raw with cob and silk, but as the plant matures (usually during the summer months), the cob hardens and the silk dries. By the end of the growing season, the kernels dry up and become difficult to chew in boiling water without first cooking them.
Planting density affects many aspects of maize. Modern farming techniques in developed countries usually rely on dense planting, which produces one ear per stalk. Silage maize tenders are still dense, and receive a lower percentage of ears and more plant matter.
Maize is a consequently short-lived plant and flowers grow in a certain number of degree days> 10 ° C (50 ° F) in the environment in which it is adapted. The magnitude of the effects that long nights have on the number of days that pass before maize are determined genetically and are controlled by the phytochrome system. Photoperiodesis in tropical farming can be eccentric as long as high latitudes are characterized by allowing plants to grow so long that they do not have enough time to produce seeds before dying of frost. However, these characteristics may prove useful in using tropical maize for biofuels.
Immature maize seedlings accumulate a powerful antibiotic substance, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA). DIMBOA is a member of a group of hydroxamic acids (also known as benzoxazinoids) that serve as a natural defense against a wide range of pests, including insects, pathogenic fungi, and bacteria. DIMBOA is also found in related grasses, especially wheat. A mutant mutant (bx) deficient DIMBOA is susceptible to attack by aphids and fungi. DIMBOA is also responsible for the relative resistance of European corn borer (family Crambidae) to immature maize. As maize matures, the level of DIMBOA and resistance to corn borer declines.
Due to its shallow roots, maize is susceptible to drought, intolerant to nutrient deficient soils, and likely to be uprooted by severe winds.
While yellow maize derives its color from lutein and zeaxanthin, in red maize, the kernel color is due to anthocyanin and phlobefenes. These latter substances are synthesized by expression of the pericarp color 1 (P1) gene from maize of flavan-4-ols in the flavonoids synthetic pathway , which is R2R3 myb-like. Encodes transcriptional activist encoding the A1 gene for dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (reducing dihydroflavonols in flavan-4-ol) while another gene (suppressing pericarp pigmentation) 1 or SPP 1) acts as a sphincter. The P1 gene encodes a Myb-homologous transcriptional catalyst of genes required for biosynthesis of the red phlobaphene pigment, while the P1-wr allele specifies the colorless kernel pericarp and red cobs, and is unstable for Orange1 (Ufo1) The factor refers to the expression P1-wr. In the kernel pericarp, as well as in vegetative tissue, which do not normally accumulate significant amounts of phlobene pigments. [४ ९] The maize P gene encodes a Myb homolog that recognizes Sequette / AACC, a sharp contrast with C / TAACG by vertebrate Myb proteins.
Unusual flowers
Maize flowers can sometimes exhibit mutations that lead to the formation of female flowers in the pendant. These mutations, ts4 and Ts6, together inhibit the development of stamen while promoting pistil development. This can cause both male and female flowers, or hermaphrodite flowers.
Genetics
Foreign varieties of maize are collected to add genetic diversity when selectively breeding new domestic strains.
Maize is the annual grass of the family, which includes plants such as wheat, rye, barley, rice, sorbet and sugarcane. There are two major species of the genus Ze (out of a total of six): Zea mays (maize) and Zea diplomaparnis, a perennial type of tenicant. The annual teosin variety called Zea mays mexicana is the closest vegetative plant to maize. It still grows in the wild as an annual in Mexico and Guatemala.
Many forms of maize are used for food, sometimes classified as various subspecies related to the amount of starch:
Flour Corn: zee maya var. amylacea
Popcorn: Xia Mess version. everta
Dent Corn: Zea Men's Ver. indentata
Flint Corn: Zea mays var. indurata
Sweet Corn: zee maya var. saccharata and Zea may var. Rugosa
Waxy Corn: Zea may var. ceratina
Amyloemies: Xia Mayes
Pod Corn: Xia Meys Ver. tunicata larnaga ex a. St. Hill.
Striped maize: Zee maya var. Japonica
This system has sometimes been replaced (although not completely displaced) by multi-variable classification based on more data, sometimes over the last 60 years. Agronomic data were supplemented by vegetative traits for an initial preliminary classification, then genetic, cytological, protein, and DNA evidence was added. Now, the categories are form (little used), race, racial premises and more recently branches.
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